Gambling can be self-destructive and self-harming. Problem gambling raises suicide risk. But how does it relate to what clinicians call non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI)?
NSSI means intentionally harming your body without suicidal intent. This includes actions such as banging, cutting, burning, or ingesting dangerous substances. Some of these behaviors can be life-threatening and require help and support.
A new cross-sectional study in the journal Comprehensive Psychiatry examined the association between problem online gambling and NSSI, both of which are reportedly increasing globally.
Problem Gambling and Self-Harm
Problem gambling is associated with an increased risk of non-suicidal self-injury in some individuals.
“The odds of self-injury were often more than three times higher among individuals with PGSI [Problem Gambling Severity Index] scores suggestive of problem gambling compared to those with scores in the non-problem gambling range,” the study said. “These patterns suggest a strong positive association between problem-gambling severity and NSSI frequency.”
People with lower PGSI scores also had “significantly elevated odds” compared to people with no problem gambling.
Specifically, hitting and banging oneself is a common NSSI behavior linked to online gambling.
As a gambling journalist for many years, I spent a lot of time around gamblers, especially poker players and sports bettors. I’ve seen gamblers hit themselves after losses. Regarding angry and destructive behavior that may not reach the level of deliberate self-injury, I’ve also seen them punch, throw, and kick things, sometimes causing injuries to themselves.
Researchers noted that problem gambling and NSSI share common features such as impulsivity, difficulties in emotion regulation, and maladaptive coping strategies.
Gambling Self-Injury Study Implications
Clinicians and researchers must continue exploring the relationship between problem gambling and NSSI, which is less studied than its link to suicide. Continued research could enhance treatment and prevention.
“Considering the frequency of NSSI even among individuals with low- and moderate-risk online gambling, clinical assessments should routinely include questions about self-injury, while NSSI-focused interventions should also consider online gambling as a potential concern,” the researchers wrote.
More awareness of self-injury can improve outcomes for people with problem gambling.
Because of shame and stigma, few people with problem gambling seek treatment. According to the World Health Organization, just 0.14% of the population seeks help for current gambling problems.
Does the Gambling Form Matter in Self-Injury?
The present study did not examine the association between NSSI and specific forms of online gambling, such as online poker, slots, and sports betting.
“Given the popularity and growth of specific forms of online gambling (e.g., on sports), future studies should consider assessing types and patterns of online gambling more precisely,” the paper noted.
Other studies suggest that young people are more at risk of NSSI, so the gambling type could provide useful insights. Many young people appear to gravitate towards gambling games with strategic components because of a desire to earn money.
In the U.S., many young people have been lured into prediction markets and sports betting. American surveys show that more than half of online sports bettors chase losses.
However, the paper noted that “individuals who exhibit self-injurious behavior are more likely to gamble to manage psychological distress, especially through non-strategic forms of casino gambling, which are associated with dissociative states.”
Practical Advice
If you have a problem with gambling, what can you do with this non-suicidal self-injury study? Its results can be useful for everyday people outside clinical spaces.
Given this research, avoid gambling if you feel lonely, stressed, anxious, or depressed—especially if you often feel that way. If you notice signs of problem gambling, commit to quitting to protect yourself from possible harm.
If you have a history of self-injury unrelated to gambling, it appears crucial to avoid gambling. Consult with a trained medical professional for personalized care and feedback.
Don’t let shame or stigma stop you from protecting your mental health. Make choices that help you.
